Emotionally Focused Family Therapy (EFFT) is grounded in attachment theory, which places emphasis on how our sense of self is highly influenced by the relationships we experience throughout our life, most notably the parent-child relationship. EFFT challenges families to examine their attachment with their family members, or more specifically children, to determine what patterns of interactions are occurring and how to attend to and repair potential attachment injuries or harmful interaction patterns. Sue Johnson, EFFT founder, refers to a cycle that families become stuck in as the “negative interaction cycle.” The prominent goal of EFFT is to promote secure attachment styles within the family, as well as improve interaction cycles, allowing children and parents to interact with a stronger sense of connection.

Play is highly regarded as the language of children, meaning play is an age-appropriate way to access children’s emotional experiences. Methods such as art therapy, games, puppetry, sand tray use, and other sensory play materials are used in the therapy playroom most commonly. The purpose of Child-Centered Play Therapy (CCPT) is not to fix the child’s problems, but rather to assist the child in developing their sense of self, which will eventually include the ability to problem solve for themselves. This is important to establish early on in a child’s life in order to continue building a strong sense of autonomy. CCPT’s primary intervention is to create a safe and warm environment through unconditional understanding as well as acceptance in which a child feels comfortable sharing vulnerable information with a counselor.

Developmental assessments provide a structured way to understand a child’s growth across cognitive, social, emotional, and physical milestones. These assessments are not meant to label or diagnose a child, but rather to offer valuable insights into their strengths and areas where additional support may be beneficial. By observing how a child engages with their environment, responds to social interactions, and navigates learning tasks, developmental assessments help parents and caregivers make informed decisions about how to best support their child’s unique needs. Early identification of developmental concerns can foster greater confidence and resilience in children, ensuring they receive the guidance and resources needed to thrive. The goal of a developmental assessment is not to set limitations, but to create a foundation for growth by offering a clearer understanding of a child’s individual learning and emotional patterns.

Early Intervention Therapy focuses on supporting young children during critical developmental stages, providing them with the tools they need to navigate emotional, social, and behavioral challenges. The purpose of early intervention is not to correct or change a child, but rather to create an environment where they can develop the skills necessary to express emotions, build relationships, and engage with the world in a way that feels safe and secure. By working closely with caregivers, early intervention fosters strong parent-child connections, helping families establish a foundation of trust, communication, and emotional regulation. The goal is to equip both children and their caregivers with the resources and strategies needed to promote long-term resilience and well-being, ensuring that every child has the opportunity to thrive.